Clarification Theories McGregor's X & Y

• McGregor was apparently concerned that Theory X and Theory Y might be misinterpreted. The following points will clarify some of misunderstanding and keep the assumptions in proper perspective.
• First, theories X and Y assumptions are just that: they are assumptions only. They are not prescriptions or suggestions for managerial strategies. Rather, these assumptions must be tested against reality. Furthermore, they are intuitive deductions and are not based on research.
• Second, theories X and Y do not imply "hard" or "soft" management. The "hard" approach may produce resistance and antagonism. The "soft" approach may result in laissez-faire management and is not congruent with Theory Y. The effective manager recognizes the dignity and capabilities, as well as the assumptions, of people and adjusts behavior as demanded by the situation.
• Third, the Theories X and Y are not to be viewed as being on a continuous scale with X and Y on opposite extremes. They are not a matter of degree; rather they are completely different views of people.
• Fourth, the discussion of Theory Y is not a case for consensus management, nor is it an argument against the use of authority. Under the Theory Y, authority is seen as only one of the many ways a manager exerts leadership.
• Fifth, the variety of tasks and situations requires different approaches to management. At times, authority and structure may be effective for certain tasks, as found in the research by John J. Morse and Jay W. Lorsch. They suggest that different approaches are effective in different situations. Thus, the productive enterprise is one that fits the task requirements to the people and the particular situation.
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Fundamentals of Management : Leading / Motivation [BBA 2305]
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